
Radiation Damage to Human Organs. A Historical Overview, 1895-1950
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After the discovery of X-rays by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in November 1895, a wave of optimism swept the world. After all, the newly discovered rays allowed physicians to look inside the living human body for the first time, and doctors suddenly had a new tool at hand to treat all kinds of diseases. However, the initial enthusiasm in the early years of the medical application of X-rays and radium was soon tempered by reports indicating that there were serious risks involved in the medical use of the new radiation.
The X-ray pioneers were almost immediately confronted with radiation damage to the human skin, whether they applied the X-rays for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. The American medical student Émile Grubbé (1875-1960), who had started experimenting with X-ray tubes immediately after hearing of Roentgen’s discovery, had caused a severe Roentgen dermatitis of his own hand as early as January 1896.
In the following years, numerous reports describing severe skin damage in patients following the use of X-rays or radium would spark worldwide research into the effects of radiation on the human body.
From 1903 onwards, reports in the scientific literature emerged warning of radiation damage to the internal organs, but the genetic effects of radiation were not demonstrated until 1927.
In this book, a historical overview will be given of the identification of the harmful effects of X-rays and radium on the organs of the human body. At first, the identification of radiation damage to the skin will be discussed, followed by an overview of the research on damage to the individual internal human organs. Finally, the discovery of the stochastic genetic effects of radiation and its consequences for medicine will be described—scientific edition with references and bibliography.
The X-ray pioneers were almost immediately confronted with radiation damage to the human skin, whether they applied the X-rays for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. The American medical student Émile Grubbé (1875-1960), who had started experimenting with X-ray tubes immediately after hearing of Roentgen’s discovery, had caused a severe Roentgen dermatitis of his own hand as early as January 1896.
In the following years, numerous reports describing severe skin damage in patients following the use of X-rays or radium would spark worldwide research into the effects of radiation on the human body.
From 1903 onwards, reports in the scientific literature emerged warning of radiation damage to the internal organs, but the genetic effects of radiation were not demonstrated until 1927.
In this book, a historical overview will be given of the identification of the harmful effects of X-rays and radium on the organs of the human body. At first, the identification of radiation damage to the skin will be discussed, followed by an overview of the research on damage to the individual internal human organs. Finally, the discovery of the stochastic genetic effects of radiation and its consequences for medicine will be described—scientific edition with references and bibliography.
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